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The Frequently Asked Questions are broken down into the categories below. Please click a category to go right to that section, or scroll down through the entire list.

General FAQs

Administrative Wage Garnishment
Default
Enrollment
General Information
Grants/Scholarships
MODEL
Repayment
Student Loans

COTA FAQs

Agency and Organization
General Information
Credit Transfer Policy
Student Issues
Transfer from Proprietary Institutions

Administrative Wage Garnishment (back to top)

Q. How can I get out of administrative wage garnishment?

A.
  1. Pay the account in full.
  2. Apply for a Federal Consolidation Loan.
  3. Request a hearing if you feel that the administrative wage garnishment is not warranted.


Q. This is not a court-ordered garnishment, is this legal?

A. We are collecting on these loans as an agent of the U.S. Department of Education. We are required to perform administrative wage garnishment as a part of our collection efforts. Public Law gives us the authorization.


Q. What should I do about the Notice Prior to Wage Withholding I just received?

A.
  1. Contact the MDHE to establish satisfactory repayment arrangements.
  2. Request a hearing or exemption by the deadline.
  3. Nothing and the MDHE will contact your employer. If a payment is not received by the time your employer is contacted, the administrative wage garnishment may not be stopped until the account is paid in full.


Q. Why did my employer get an Order of Withholding from Earnings, I made my payments?

A. If a borrower makes a payment to suspend administrative wage garnishment, a payment must be received every thirty days to continue to suspend the process. A borrower cannot make a double payment in one month and then skip the next month.


Default (back to top)

Q. What are my options now that I am in default?

A.
  1. Pay the account in full to American Student Assistance or the collection agency.
  2. Establish monthly payment arrangements with the entity assigned to the account.

    If you want to return to school, you must make six consecutive monthly payments and write a letter to the MDHE requesting a financial aid eligibility letter to be sent to you. This is called reinstatement.

    Upon making at least 12 consecutive monthly payments, you may be eligible for the Missouri Loan Rehabilitation Program.

    Upon making three consecutive monthly payments, the MDHE will release accounts for consolidation. Borrowers must continue to make payments until the consolidation is complete. Also, the MDHE assesses 18.5 percent in collection costs on defaulted loans released for consolidation, FFEL Program or Direct.

  3. Choose not to make payments and face possible tax offset, wage garnishment, assignment to a collection agency, assignment to the U.S. Department of Education, and up to a 25 percent assessment in collection costs.


Q. Why did my loan go into default, I sent a deferment/forbearance form to my lender?

A. If you choose not to make payments and apply for a deferment or forbearance, it is your responsibility to ensure the lender receives the complete documentation in a timely manner. You should keep a copy of all forms submitted and keep checking with the lender to ensure they receive the documentation and place the deferment or forbearance on the account.

When a payment is not made by the due date, the account is delinquent. When the delinquency reaches 270 days, the account is in default status and the lender may file a default claim with your guaranty agency - the MDHE. If the MDHE pays the default claim to the lender they begin collection activities.


Q. Why is there a collection agency on my account?

A. As a guaranty agency, the MDHE is required to make a diligent attempt to contact the borrower through phone calls and letters to collect on a defaulted student loan. For these functions, the MDHE assigns accounts to collection agencies to collect on the student loans held by the MDHE.


Q. Will my taxes be taken?

A. If your account meets specific selection criteria, the MDHE has legal authority to intercept borrowers' federal and Missouri tax refunds and apply those refunds to a defaulted loan held by the MDHE.


Enrollment (back to top)

Q. How many students attend proprietary/private career schools in Missouri?

A. For calendar year 2006, current data indicate a total headcount enrollment of 75,448 at schools certified to operate by the MDHE.


Q. How many students attend public four-year institutions in Missouri?

A. In fall 2006, 132,204 students attended public four-year institutions.


Q. How many students attend public two-year institutions in Missouri?

A. In fall 2006, 86,063 students attended public two-year institutions.


Q. How many students attended independent institutions in Missouri?

A. In fall 2006, 121,485 students attended independent institutions.


Q. How many students attending public four-year institutions took the CBHE-recommended high school core curriculum?

A. 2006 - 92%
2005 - 91%
2004 - 92%
2003 - 93%
2002 - 93%


General Information (back to top)

Q. How many degrees were conferred by public and independent institutions in 2005-2006?

A. 10,205 associate degrees
33,407 bachelor's degrees
16,134 master's degrees
2,448 professional/doctorate degrees


Q. How many high school students took AP exams?

A. 2006 - 11,501
2005 - 10,467
2004 - 9,549
2003 - 8,847
2002 - 8,189


Q. How many independent colleges and universities are in Missouri?

A. 25


Q. How many proprietary/private career schools are in Missouri?

A. 140


Q. How many public four-year colleges and universities are in Missouri?

A. 10 (13 campuses)


Q. How many public two-year institutions are there in Missouri?

A. 14 (21 campuses)


Q. How much were the total appropriations for higher education during recent fiscal years (FY)?

A. FY 2006 - $1,046,222,834
FY 2005 - $1,049,119,532
FY 2004 - $1,027,981,603
FY 2003 - $1,096,527,206
FY 2002 - $1,154,276,922


Q. Is the MDHE the same as MOHELA?

A. No, the MDHE is the state-designated guaranty agency. MOHELA is the state-designated secondary market.


Q. What is college?

A. College is education that you can get after you graduate from high school. College prepares you for working in a certain field or area. You can go to a two- or four-year institution or a career school. Your choices really are endless!


Q. What is financial aid?

A. Financial aid is money to help you pay for college. Financial aid is either given to you as a gift (scholarships) or loaned to you (student loans) so you have to pay it back.


Q. What is the FAFSA?

A. The Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) is a federal form that everyone must fill out if he/she wants to be considered for federal student assistance. Student financial assistance awards in Missouri are also based on information supplied on the FAFSA.


Q. What is the graduation rate for public colleges and universities?

A. The three-year rate for 2003 freshmen at public two-year institutions was 22%.
The six-year rate for 2000 freshmen at public four-year institutions was 62%.


Q. When and where can I get a copy of the FAFSA?

A. FAFSAs are typically available in December. FAFSAs cannot be submitted until after January 1 of the calendar year in which you want to apply for financial aid. You are encouraged to fill out the FAFAS online at www.fafsa.ed.gov.


Q. When should I apply for college?

A. Typically, students must apply for college in the winter or early spring of their senior year of high school.

Note: To receive email reminders about steps to take to prepare for college, sign-up here.


Q. Where do I get a Financial Aid Transcript for a school I attended that has closed?

A. You may send a written request to the Financial Aid Transcript Federal Request Information Center, P.O. Box 4129, Iowa City, IA 52244.


Q. Where should I go to college?

A. That is entirely up to you! You can go to a two- or four-year institution or a career school. Your choices really are endless! Some things you might want to consider when choosing the right school for you:

  1. Does it offer a program in the area of study that you want to pursue?
  2. Do you want to go to school close to home or away?
  3. What type of financial aid package is available from the school?
  4. Plan a visit to the school to get a tour and see if you like it. Remember to ask questions!


Q. Who should go to college?

A. Anyone who wants to! College gives many people a chance to achieve their goals and everyone should have an opportunity to attend if they want to.


Q. Why am I considered a dependent student if I have lived on my own for more than a year?

A. Per federal regulations, the criteria for independent students are:

  • 24-years-old by December 31 of the award year
  • Orphan or ward of the court
  • Veteran of the Armed Forces
  • Legal dependents other than a spouse
  • Graduate or professional student
  • Married student

NOTE: U.S. Department of Education policy on dependency overrides has become significantly more stringent. It is no longer permissible to classify an otherwise dependent student independent based solely on the fact that the student supports him or herself.


Q. Why should I go to college?

A. In today's world, more and more jobs are requiring at least some college education. And, research shows that the more education you have, the more money you will likely make.


Grants/Scholarships (back to top)

Q. Can grants and scholarships be renewed?

A. Renewing a grant or scholarship depends on the type of grant or scholarship.

Bright Flight - Yes. The student must receive the scholarship award as a full time student at an approved Missouri institution at least one semester per academic year to maintain eligibility. If a student goes out-of-state to school for one year or discontinues full time enrollment at a Missouri institution for reasons other than deferments, the eligibility is lost. The scholarship is renewable for up to 10 semesters or until the student has obtained their first undergraduate degree. The award is $1,000 per semester.

Marguerite Ross Barnett - Yes. The student must reapply each year by submitting a completed application by April 1. Renewal students will receive a renewal application.

Public Service Officer Survivor Grant - Yes. The student must reapply each year.

Vietnam Veteran's Survivor Grant - Yes. The student must reapply each year.


Q. How can I find scholarships?

A. Many institutions, private companies, foundations, and non-profit organizations offer scholarships. Search for scholarships online and contact your high school counselor or the financial aid office where you think you may want to attend school to find out what scholarships are available that you may qualify for.


Q. How can I transfer my Bright Flight scholarship to another school?

A. The student notifies the MDHE and a letter is generated to the student and to the new school notifying them of this change.


Q. How do I get a deferment on my Bright Flight eligibility?

A. The student should submit a letter and documentation of deferment request to the MDHE for review. The MDHE will then send back a letter and deferment form.


Q. How much in state student financial assistance was awarded and to how many students in fiscal year 2005?

A. In fiscal year 2005, $40,366,787 in state student financial assistance was awarded to 25,034 students


Q. What grants and scholarships are available through the MDHE and how do I apply?

A.

Missouri Higher Education Academic "Bright Flight" Scholarship Program
For high school seniors who achieve a score in the top 3 percent on the ACT or SAT. Students must achieve this score by the June assessment date of their senior year in high school and enroll as a first-time student in college. There is no paper application to complete. Assessment records for Missouri residents are transmitted to the MDHE after each National Assessment Test date. Students are sent an approval letter. High schools and higher education institutions are also notified of approved students.

Marguerite Ross Barnett Memorial Scholarship Program
For part-time college students attending at least half time but less than full time and working (and compensated for) at least 20 hours a week. Students must also have financial need to receive the award. Applications can be obtained from college financial aid offices or the MDHE. The application deadline is April 1. Applicants must also complete the FAFSA form by the April 1 deadline.

Public Service Officer or Employee's Child Survivor Grant Program
For dependent children and spouses of public safety officers or employees of the Missouri Department of Transportation who were killed or permanently disabled in the line of duty. Applications are available from the MDHE.

Vietnam Veteran's Survivor Grant Program
For children and spouses of Vietnam veterans whose death were attributed or caused by exposure to toxic chemicals during the Vietnam conflict. Applications are available from the MDHE.


Q. What is a scholarship?

A. A scholarship is a gift of money for an individual to apply toward a college education. Scholarships do not have to be paid back.


Q. When are the applications available for the Marguerite Ross Barnett scholarship?

A. The MDHE recommends students contact their financial aid office or the MDHE in early spring. The preferred deadline is April 1. Students can continue to submit applications after the deadline. These late applications will be awarded on an availability-only basis.


MODEL (back to top)

Q. How can I find out about software upgrades?

A. The MDHE sends messages on our e-distribution list when software upgrades occur to MODEL. Also, the MODEL Direct User Guide is updated each time a software upgrade occurs. To subscribe to the e-distribution list, please click here.


Q. How can I view a student's loan history from another institution?

A. MODEL does not have functionality for a school to view a student's loan history from another institution. In order to view this information, an authorized user at your school will need to access the National Student Loan Data System.


Q. How can my school get a Claims Paid Report for Schools?

A. This report, available since September 1, 2006, provides schools with information about default, bankruptcy, disability, false certification, closed school, ineligible borrower, or death claims that have been paid for student borrowers in attendance at their school. This report is a subscription report that schools may begin receiving by subscribing within MODEL Direct or by contacting the MDHE.


Q. How do ATOM disbursements work in the MODEL system?

A. There are many disbursement options available. Schools may select which day (or days) of the week that they would like to receive disbursements, and disbursements are reported in real-time.


Q. How do I cancel a loan in MODEL?

A. Loans can be cancelled by clicking the "Monetary Adjustments" icon for the appropriated loan and following the screens. For more detailed instructions, please visit the MODEL Direct User Guide.


Q. How do I obtain a User ID and password for MODEL Direct?

A. Please contact your client service representative, the MDHE Call Center at ASA at (800) 824-4893, or the MDHE staff at (800) 473-6757.


Q. How does MODEL Direct process guarantees?

A. Real-time guarantees can be processed using CommonLine 4 files or by submitting individual certifications through MODEL Direct, the web client.


Q. If a student's name changes because of marriage or divorce, and/or Social Security Number and date-of-birth information are incorrect, how do I process the changes in MODEL?

A. MODEL Direct does not currently allow for name, date-of-birth, or Social Security Number changes to be performed. In order to make these changes, please call the MDHE Call Center in Boston at (800) 824-4893, or the MDHE Information Center in Jefferson City at (800) 473-6757.

It is the consensus of MDHE that, for Social Security Number, name, and date-of-birth changes on MDHE-guaranteed loans, the MDHE will not require documentation from the school or lender in all cases before making the change on our system. ASA and MDHE staff will not routinely refuse a school or lender's identification change request until we are in receipt of documentation that supports the change. MDHE requires schools and lenders to obtain and retain that documentation, and make it available to the MDHE or ASA upon request, as needed, and on a case-by-case basis.


Q. What does "profile-driven" mean?

A. Within the MODEL system, clients establish a unique profile that guides how transactions will be processed and how information will be managed. This tailors the products of the MODEL system to best meet client needs.


Q. What does "real-time" mean?

A. Within the MODEL system, real-time refers to information processing where an output product is available nearly simultaneously with a corresponding data input.


Q. What is the MODEL system?

A. The MODEL system is a flexible system for managing and sharing information about student loans. The MODEL system offers several components to allow guarantors, lenders, and schools to exchange and manage student loan data in real-time.

The MODEL system is a profile-driven system that allows clients to choose how their loans will be processed and which reports or products they would like to receive. The MODEL system maintains information in one database, thus improving the accuracy and organization of borrower information.


Q. What output can I generate using the MODEL system?

A. By clicking on the "Reports" tab you can view output options available through the "Subscriptions" and the "Custom Reports" tabs. Output to which your institution has subscribed is available on the "Subscriptions Reports" tab.


Q. Who can I contact for training and support for a MODEL product?

A. The MODEL system is a Microsoft Windows-based product, which makes use more intuitive and decreases the amount of training needed to operate the system.

Support for the MODEL system is provided by ASA at (800) 824-4893.

Training in the use of the MODEL system is provided by MDHE client service representatives. Your client service representative can be contacted through the MDHE at (800) 473-6757 or by calling your representative directly. If you do not know who your MDHE client representative is, click here.

The MDHE can make many changes to client profiles without the need to update or change software.

The MODEL system is compliant with financial aid industry standards, such as CAM and CommonLine.


Q. Why does MODEL Direct time me out?

A. For security and system performance reasons, the MODEL Direct system terminates a user's session after about 20 minutes of inactivity.


Q. Will I ever be able to move between fields without having to hit the tab key?

A. Given that all fields do not have a fixed width, ASA has programmed MODEL Direct to require that the tab key be selected to move between fields. Utilizing this procedure, the user does not have to guess which fields would require tabbing and which fields would not require tabbing given the width of the field.


Repayment (back to top)

Q. How are my payments applied to my account?

A. The MDHE posts payments effective the date of receipt by whatever entity receives the payment (i.e., collection agency, attorney, American Student Assistance, Internal Revenue Service, and Missouri Department of Revenue). Account balances can consist of principal, accrued interest, and collection costs. If collection costs are assessed on the account, 20 percent of the payment (i.e., the commission rate) is first applied to collection costs. The remainder of the payment is then applied to accrued interest and then to the principal balance. If there are multiple claims, the payments are prorated to the individual claims although the account is considered one account.


Q. How can I consolidate my loans?

A. Contact current holders of the loans to determine if they do consolidation loans and request application information.


Q. How do I get a deferment or forbearance form?

A. Contact your lender


Q. How do I get my loan discharged because I attended a school that closed while I was there?

A. If the loan is not in default, the borrower should request the closed school discharge application from the lender. If the loan is in default, the MDHE can mail the borrower the discharge application. The MDHE reviews all closed school discharge requests.

In order to qualify, the student must have been in attendance within 90 days of the school's closure and must not have been able to transfer to another school or complete the program of study. Lack of job placement or subsequent training is not reason for discharge.


Q. What is the AmeriCorps program?

A. It is a federal program in which participants can get vouchers to pay existing loans or pay future educational expenses. For more information, call:
National number: (800) 942-2677
Attorney General's office: (573) 751-4727


Q. Who can answer my questions about a forbearance form?

A. Questions about forbearances should be directed to the borrower's lender. Each lender may have its own forbearance form.


Student Loans (back to top)

Q. Can I transfer my loan to another school?

A. No. A student must request a new loan from the financial aid office at the new school. The new school's financial aid staff will recalculate the student's loan eligibility, which may be reduced by the amount of loan funds already received for attendance at the prior school. The student should contact his or her lender to ensure any undelivered loan proceeds intended for attendance at the prior school are canceled.


Q. How do I choose a lender?

A. The Missouri DHE Student Loan Program has an eligible lender list. If the lender is pre-approved, the borrower does not need to contact the lender directly before completing the application.


Q. How is Federal Stafford Loan eligibility determined?

A. Subsidized
Financial need = cost of attendance - expected family contribution - expected financial assistance

This figure cannot be more than the base Stafford grade level maximum for an undergraduate student, or for a graduate student, cannot be more than $8500.

Unsubsidized
Remaining financial need = cost of attendance - expected financial assistance (including subsidized)


Q. How many students had loans guaranteed by the Missouri Department of Higher Education in fiscal year 2005?

A. 178,180 students had loans guaranteed by the MDHE in fiscal year 2005.


Q. How much in student loan volume was guaranteed by the Missouri Department of Higher Education in fiscal year 2005?

A. Approximately $925 million in student loans were guaranteed by the MDHE in fiscal year 2005.


Q. How much loan money can I borrow?

A. Dependent undergraduate students:

Subsidized/unsubsidized combined annual maximum* is:

First year$2,625
Second year$3,500
Third and remaining years$5,500

Independent undergraduate students:

Base subsidized/unsubsidized combined annual maximum* is:

First year$2,625
Second year$3,500
Third and remaining years$5,500

Additional unsubsidized:

First year$4,000
Second year$4,000
Third and remaining years$5,000

*For undergraduate students attending a final period of study that is less than an academic year in length, or for students attending a program that is less than an academic year in length, a lower, prorated maximum loan limit may apply.

Graduate students (all graduate students are independent):

Subsidized/unsubsidized combined annual maximum:$18,500
Subsidized annual maximum:$8,500

NOTE: Certain health professions students may qualify for increased annual loan limits. These students should contact their financial aid office to determine if the program in which they are enrolled qualifies.


Q. What happens to the interest that accrues on my loan while I am in school?

A. If you are a subsidized Stafford Loan borrower, the U.S. Department of Education pays the interest that accrues on your loan while you are in school on at least a half time basis and during grace or authorized deferment periods.

If you are an unsubsidized Stafford Loan borrower, the U.S. Department of Education does not pay interest that accrues while you are in school. If you want to pay the interest as it accrues, you should note on the federal Master Promissory Note. Otherwise, the lender will capitalize the unpaid accrued interest. For more information about the maximum frequency with which a lender may capitalize, you should contact your lender.


Q. What is a guaranty agency?

A. The Missouri Department of Higher Education Student Loan Program is a guaranty agency that basically insures student loans for private lenders. On behalf of the U.S. Department of Education, the MDHE guarantees lenders that when they make a student loan they will receive payment on the loan, whether by the borrower, or claim payment by the MDHE. If a borrower dies, becomes totally and permanently disabled, files certain types of bankruptcy, defaults, etc. the MDHE will purchase the loan from the lender.


Q. What is a student loan?

A. A student loan is money you borrow to pay for your college education. Student loans must be repaid, even if you:

  • are not satisfied with the quality of your education,
  • do not complete your program of study, or
  • are not able to obtain employment after you graduate.


Q. What is Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT)?

A. The lender may use EFT with your school instead of sending a paper check. By signing a Master Promissory Note, a borrower authorizes the electronic transfer of loan funds from the lender to the school, and automatic delivery of those funds to the student's account at the school. If a student or parent borrower does not want funds disbursed electronically or to see if your lender participates in EFT, the borrower should contact the school or the lender.

NOTE: This is a little different from wiring funds because wires are received instantly and EFT is received within 24 hours.


Q. What is my balance and who do I pay?

A. To determine the holder of your student loan visit our loan locator. Once you know who your loan holder is, contact them to determine your balance and how to submit payments.


Q. What is the difference between subsidized and unsubsidized?

A. Subsidized Stafford Loans are need-based and the interest is paid by the U.S. Department of Education while the student is in school, in the grace period, and in authorized deferment periods.

Unsubsidized Stafford Loans are not need-based. The interest payment is always the borrower's responsibility. A borrower can choose to pay interest that accrues while the borrower is in school, in grace, in deferment or other times when payments are not otherwise expected can be paid, or the unpaid accrued interest will be capitalized, i.e., added to the outstanding principal amount of the loan.


Q. What is the Federal PLUS Loan?

A. The Federal PLUS loan is for parents of undergraduate, dependent students. The parent may borrow up to the cost of attendance less any financial aid the student is expected to receive. A credit check is performed on the parent before a PLUS loan is guaranteed.


Q. What is the loan application process?

A. The borrower must complete the borrower section of the common application or the Master Promissory Note and return the completed form either to the school's financial aid office or the lender, according to instructions provided by the school or lender.

After the school determines the borrower's eligibility and certifies the loan, the school may submit to the lender by paper or submit the application electronically to the MDHE for guarantee.


Q. Where did the loan balance come from on my Notice of Loan Guarantee and Disclosure Statement?

A. The Missouri DHE Student Loan Program system adds the total loan amounts guaranteed under your Social Security number. If you have made prepayments on your loans, those amounts were not necessarily reported to the Missouri DHE Student Loan Program. Contact your lender for your outstanding balance. The balance only contains loans guaranteed by the Missouri DHE Student Loan Program.


Q. Why did my school request two disbursements on my loan?

A. Federal regulations require schools to schedule at least two loan disbursements, and require lenders to adhere to the school's requested disbursement schedule. A lender can disburse a loan in a single installment only if both of the school's requested disbursement dates are in the past.


Agency and Organization (back to top)

Q. Are all colleges and universities obligated to abide by CBHE policies?

A. Each Missouri institution has a separate, independent board that is responsible for policy adoption and implementation. As a coordinating board, the CBHE has limited statutory authority and cannot control institutional behavior. Missouri uses compromise and consensus building rather than legislation to develop and promote most of its public policies for higher education, including those policies affecting transfer and articulation.


Q. How can transfer officers keep current on program changes that may affect existing or future articulation agreements?

A. Institutions submit information to the MDHE about changes to existing programs such as title changes, program additions, and changes in Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) codes, as well as proposals for new programs. All requests for new programs are posted on the MDHE website by the fifteenth of each month for public comment. All program actions (program changes as well as new programs) are reported to the CBHE at each regular meeting. The program inventory for each institution is updated with the most current information after each CBHE meeting.


Q. What is COTA?

A. COTA is the CBHE Committee on Transfer and Articulation. Eight presidents/chancellors serve as COTA members with three from public two-year institutions, three from public four-year institutions (with one from the University of Missouri System), one from independent four-year institutions, and one from independent/proprietary two-year institutions. COTA has major responsibility for reviewing the CBHE's transfer/articulation policy guidelines, making recommendations for any changes to transfer/articulation policy guidelines, and for monitoring the implementation of new transfer/articulation initiatives. COTA also serves as an appeals board for formal complaints about transfer/articulation practices. MDHE staff serves as support for COTA.


Q. What is the CBHE?

A. The Coordinating Board for Higher Education (CBHE) serves as the state's higher education planning agency, assuming major responsibility for the development of state policy for higher education, the recommendation of budgets for public institutions, and the distribution of regular reports to the General Assembly, the governor, and the public concerning questions of access, quality, and efficiency.


Q. What is the MDHE and what is its role in transfer and articulation?

A. The Missouri Department of Higher Education (MDHE) is the administrative arm of the CBHE. MDHE staff provides support for the Committee on Transfer and Articulation (COTA).


Q. What is the role of the CBHE in transfer and articulation?

A. Missouri statute 173.005(6) defines the CBHE's role in transfer and articulation:

The CBHE shall establish guidelines to promote and facilitate the transfer of students between institutions of higher education within the state.

CBHE policy guidelines include a plan for the transfer of general education credits and for the transfer of associate of arts degrees among public institutions and independent signatory institutions. Other transfer issues are addressed by institution-to-institution articulation agreements. All transfer plans and articulation agreements follow general guidelines outlined in the state's policy framework. These guidelines include an appeals process to follow when the system is not functioning to the satisfaction of students or institutions.


Q. What is transfer and articulation?

A. Transfer is the process whereby a student with previous postsecondary educational experience gains admission to another postsecondary institution and seeks to have the credits successfully earned at the previous institution(s) apply toward graduation requirements for a specific course of study at the receiving institution.

Articulation is the process whereby postsecondary institutions seek to foster the smooth transfer of students by developing agreements that specify in advance the terms, conditions, and expectations that shall be applied to transfer students. Articulation agreements may apply to specific courses and/or to specific degree programs.


Q. Who are the transfer and articulation officers, and what do they do?

A. Each institution has been encouraged to identify an individual(s) to perform the duties of the transfer and articulation officer (TAO). Click here for the generic description of (TAO) responsibilities.


Q. Why is transfer and articulation important?

A. Transfer and articulation is important to provide seamless movement of students among Missouri institutions as efficiently and cost effectively as possible.


Q. With frequent changes in curriculum, how can transfer officers keep course equivalency agreements current?

A. This is an ongoing challenge that is at the very core of transcript analysis, and there are no simple answers. Transfer officers should stay informed about curricular changes on their own campuses, particularly in lower-division courses that transfer students may have taken at other institutions. Transfer officers should communicate curriculum changes to colleagues at other institutions and ask that they do the same. Changes in course equivalencies that institutions have on the MDHE website should also be communicated to MDHE staff in a timely manner.


COTA General Information (back to top)

Q. Are institutions tracking the success of transfer students?

A. Several institutions have designed their own tracking system for analysis of transfer student success. In addition, a consortium of public institutions is utilizing databases provided by the MDHE to track student retention and performance between 1996-2002. The databases are updated annually. For information on the MDHE database, contact Wei Zhou at info@dhe.mo.gov or at (573) 751-2401.


Q. If a sending institution offers a four-hour course, can that course transfer as equivalent to a five- hour course at the receiving institution?

A. There is a great deal of unpredictability in the system but the most logical action in this case would be for the receiving institution to accept in transfer four credit hours. Institutions are encouraged to facilitate conversations of course equivalency to prevent repeating the process for each student. Institutions should consider evaluating equivalency by program, rather than by evaluating the equivalency of individual courses.


Q. If a student is enrolled in a program, how should that student be treated when an institution changes the program requirements?

A. Institutions may choose to follow the "catalog rule." Students currently enrolled in a program that undergoes a change are usually given the option either to remain with the program and meet its requirements or to switch to the revised program and meet the requirements of the changed program.


Q. Is it possible to establish common course numbers in Missouri?

A. Missouri has emphasized the importance of competencies and content rather than numbers or titles in its most recent approach to credit transfer.


Q. Is there a common method for computing a transfer student's GPA?

A. There is no common method as of July 2003. As a starting point, COTA will survey institutions to learn the extent of variation in institutional practice concerning the treatment of a transfer student's GPA.


Credit Transfer Policy (back to top)

Q. Does the policy also cover out-of-state institutions?

A. The CBHE policy guidelines apply to Missouri institutions only.


Q. How are students treated by institutions not participating in the state's credit transfer agreement?

A. Several Missouri institutions that are not participating in the state's credit transfer agreement have expressed their commitment to work with transfer students to ensure a smooth transition from one institution to another. Students transferring to these institutions will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. Missouri's public, independent, and proprietary institutions are committed to ensuring that all students are treated equitably and fairly as they transfer from one institution to another.


Q. How do transfer officers locate the most up-to-date list of institutions abiding by the state's guidelines for general education?

A. MDHE staff strives to maintain an accurate listing of institutions abiding by the state's credit transfer policy guidelines. Information provided on the MDHE website is updated on a regular basis. Institutions are encouraged to notify MDHE staff of any information on the website that is inaccurate or incomplete.


Q. What is the rationale behind the 42-hour block of general education credit?

A. Previously, Missouri's approach to general education had been based on seat time and credit hour production, relying on course titles and descriptions to facilitate the transferability of credit from one institution to another. Increasingly, states are looking at competency or proficiency-based systems as a way to promote educational reform, to ensure better alignment between K-12 and higher education, and to encourage better preparation and performance of students. According to the statewide guidelines, general education:

  • Establishes the curricular foundation of the institution.
  • Encourages students to acquire and use the intellectual tools, knowledge, and creative capabilities necessary to study the world.
  • Furnishes students with skills that enable them to deepen that understanding and to communicate to others.
  • Equips students for success in specialized areas of study and to become educated persons, active citizens, and effective contributors to their own life and to the general welfare of others.
  • Introduces students to the traditional disciplines of the arts and sciences.
  • Alerts students to the connections between the traditional disciplines and the world.
  • Informs students that the world is understood in different ways.
  • Provides students with the means to come to terms, intelligently and humanely, with this diversity of understanding.
  • Helps students acquire appropriate investigative, interpretative, and communicative competencies.

Designing a 42-hour block of general education credit and encouraging students to complete that block at one institution are perceived to be the best means to achieve these goals for student mastery of general education knowledge and skills.


Q. What is the status of the general education policy implementation?

A. On June 8, 2000, the CBHE revised its Credit Transfer policy to include guidelines for a 42-hour block of transfer-guaranteed general education credit. In October 2002, all public institutions, with the exception of the University of Missouri-Columbia, and several independent institutions began implementation of general education programs that are in alignment with state policy guidelines and are in support of the respective missions of the institutions.


Q. What is the University of Missouri - Columbia's position on a statewide general education policy?

A. The University of Missouri - Columbia (MU) is supportive of the statewide policy and is working to clarify its general education program to facilitate transfer students and to create more compatibility with the transfer block. Since most degree programs at MU have prerequisites that can be met by general education courses, MU prefers that transfer be facilitated by more specific transfer and articulation agreements. Students planning for a specific major and/or planning to enroll in a specific school or college at MU are encouraged to select general education courses that meet college and program requirements rather than assuming the transfer block will include appropriate prerequisite courses. MU has recently redefined its general education for lower division students as a 39-hour block, which includes College Algebra with a grade in the C range and a math proficiency course with College Algebra as a prerequisite. Although MU does not currently accept the 42-hour block as completion of its general education requirements, students are encouraged to check course equivalencies at MU's website and to choose Course Equivalencies from the list. MU is committed to working with students who have additional questions. For further information, contact Ann Korschgen, Vice Provost for Enrollment Management, at (573) 882-7651 or via email at korschgena@missouri.edu.


Q. What is the web address of the state's credit transfer policies?

A. The CBHE's credit transfer guidelines are available here.


Q. What process is available if an institution wants to remove itself from the list of institutions abiding by the state's agreement on general education transfer?

A. Institutions should notify MDHE staff should they choose to withdraw from participation in the credit transfer policy.


Student Issues (back to top)

Q. Do students have to complete an associate degree before transferring in order to receive credit for the 42-hour block?

A. Completion of an associate degree is strongly encouraged but not required. Some institutions do not offer a two-year degree; therefore, students will by necessity transfer without completion of an associate degree.


Q. How are institutions denoting completion of a block of general education on student transcripts?

A. It is COTA's intent that transcripts from sending institutions contain a seal or stamp attesting to the student's completion of that institution's 42-hour block. Some institutions have automatic mechanisms in place that perform this function while other institutions rely on the student applying for a block seal on their transcripts.


Q. Is there an appeals process for sending and receiving institutions?

A. Institutions are expected to have internal processes for appeal available to transfer students who believe they have not been treated fairly. Responses to the appeal are expected to proceed in a timely manner. Sending institutions are encouraged to become advocates for student appeals when they are perceived to have merit.

Institutions are also able to appeal when there is a belief that a transfer practice, procedure, requirement, or policy of another institution is not in accord with the principles or spirit of the state transfer articulation guidelines. A full description of the appeal process is located in the state's credit transfer policy.


Q. Since some institutions are participating in the state's agreement on general education transfer and others are not, what advice should be given to students interested in transfer?

A. Students transferring between institutions that are abiding by the statewide guidelines are to be informed that a completed 42-hour block of credit will be received as equivalent and as having fulfilled the 42-hour block of credit at the receiving institution. Students should also be informed that if they transfer prior to completing a 42-hour block of credit, the receiving institution has the choice of whether to transfer partial blocks as equivalent or to do a course-by-course evaluation. In addition, students should be informed that institutions are permitted to require additional general education hours beyond the block of 42 credit hours. Whatever is required beyond 42 credit hours for non-transfer students will hold for transfer students as well. Transfer students should familiarize themselves with the degree requirements of the receiving institution and the course prerequisites they may need to address after transfer.

For a student transferring from a school that is not participating in the state's agreement on general education transfer to a school that is participating, the student should be informed that the receiving institution would determine how much of the 42-hour block will transfer and what general education requirements will be satisfied.


Q. What can students or institutions do when a course that was previously accepted for credit transfer is no longer accepted because it is not included in the 42-hour general education block?

A. If students complete courses outside of the general education block, the students are acknowledging the possibility that the course will not be accepted for transfer credit at other Missouri higher education institutions. Institutions are expected to evaluate courses outside the 42-hour block on an individual basis. The general education credit transfer policy is intended to encourage students to complete a comprehensive general education program that addresses core competencies. Completing a 42-hour block of general education credit at one institution increases the likelihood that students will be successful in their higher education goals.


Q. What is the best advice for students concerning the transferability of general education credit?

A. While not required, transfer officers should encourage students to complete an institution's 42-hour block of general education prior to transfer. Receiving institutions that accept block transfers are not required to determine course-by-course equivalencies, thereby ensuring efficiency, predictability, and sensitivity to student needs. Students intending to transfer prior to completion of a 42-hour block of general education credit or intending to transfer to an institution not abiding by the state's guidelines should be encouraged to visit with the receiving institution to ensure that courses will transfer. It is always advisable for students, once they are aware of their intent to transfer, to work with both the sending and the receiving institutions to ensure seamless transfer. Students should be encouraged to clarify any mixed messages they are receiving with the sending institution's transfer officer.

Students should expect to receive the benefit of the doubt during the implementation phase of the general education policy. Students should be encouraged to share with advisors and/or transfer officers their experiences in transferring so that problems can be identified and resolved in a timely manner, not only for the students transferring, but also for future transfer students.

Students should be informed of institutional and state-level appeals processes, and a sending institution is expected to review each student's complaint, and to become an advocate for the transfer student when the institution believes that the student is not being treated fairly by a receiving institution. Clearly, reform of general education will present difficult and challenging problems that will need to be addressed as institutions operate in good faith to meet the intent of the policy.


Q. What options are available when other institutions ignore requests for information by being evasive or completely non-responsive?

A. The board's Principles of Good Practice for Credit Transfer states that the transfer process should be efficient, predictable, and sensitive to student needs. Being evasive or non-responsive to requests from other institutions is not acceptable. The appeals process outlined in the state's credit transfer guidelines encourages institutions to appeal to COTA when another institution's practices are out of alignment with the state's guidelines.


Transfer from Proprietary Institutions (back to top)

Q. How should institutions accredited by the Higher Learning Commission of the North Central Association (NCA) treat general education credit transferred from institutions without similar accreditation?

A. The acceptance of credit in transfer is an institutional decision. Institutions complying with the state's credit transfer policy guidelines are encouraged to accept transfer credit from other Missouri institutions including those accredited by the Higher Learning Commission and those postsecondary institutions that have national accreditation recognized by the U.S. Department of Education and are certified by the CBHE to operate in Missouri.


Q. If a student has an associate degree from a proprietary institution and some credits are vocational in nature, will other institutions accept those vocational credits as electives?

A. The decision to accept vocational courses as electives rests with the receiving institution. Many proprietary schools have a block of general education, though not a full 42-hour block. Any proprietary school students denied transfer credit due to disagreements or misunderstandings about the comparability of accreditation standards (regional versus national accreditation) have the right to appeal such decisions to COTA.


Q. Why are institutions that are not accredited by the Higher Learning Commission of the North Central Association (NCA) participating in the state's credit transfer agreement?

A. The CBHE's credit transfer guidelines apply to postsecondary institutions with regional accreditation from the Higher Learning Commission or national accreditation recognized by the U.S. Department of Education and Certified by the CBHE. Public and independent institutions are encouraged to develop program-to-program articulation agreements with regionally and nationally accredited institutions.


     

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